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Summary:
The aim of this chapter is to point out several interesting contributions to the foundations of probability theory published in Czechoslovakia in the first half of the 20th century. Although they are remarkable both from mathematical as well as didactic point of view, they have remained almost unknown by our time. The greatest stress is put on the works of Karel Rychlík and Otomar Pankraz that illustrate the reactions to the latest development, its reflection in university education and elaboration of original ideas. Rychlík published the first textbook in Czechoslovakia (and one of the first textbooks in Europe at all) based on Kolmogorov’s axiomatic theory, lecture notes of Pankraz contain his contribution to logical probability theory and the proposal of an axiomatization based on the concept of conditional probability. Finally, contributions of Bohuslav Hostinský to geometric probability and its foundations are mentioned.
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